The Hours

很简单的podcast系列，笔记是按照个人兴趣来的，有些地方烦了就没有继续（。这个podcast的好处大概在于例子，虽然笔记基本上没有包含例子……

有地方在做字幕，做了两集了。虽然英语听写小错误很多，但是大意，和翻译还是没有问题的，看中英都能看明白。

2. Metaphor
 - figurative language is what makes literary language different from other kinds of language
- how they are built - I.A.Richards - a metaphor consists of two components - a vehicle (transport meaning) and a tenor
- simile

3. Scansion episode I
- a process of analyzing the magical pattern of poem - magical pattern - meter into feet → line of poem into stress and unstress syllables
- two basic types of feet - Iamb and Trochee
iamb - a pair of syllables, first unstressed, followed by a stressed one - it can be one word or more, depending on the poem
Trochee - reverse of Iamb

4. Scansion episode II
- why it matters - for us to observe how form helps to shape the meaning
- Iambic Quadrameter → Iambic Trimeter        "Common Hymn Meter", very common in 19th century when  Dickinson wrote that poem
- then we ask 'did she just follow this common pattern or did she mess around/play with it" 
Catalexis - writer cut off the last syllable from the last foot of the sentence - example - help to shape the meaning of the poem - give you a sense of something wrong in the poem, by using catalexis - something wrong in the meter

5. Etymology Part I
- history of words
- two possible sources - Germanic and Latinate side
- Germanic - including Old English, Old Dutch
- Latinate  - old French, Norman English, Anglo-norman

- always check Oxford English Dictionary for such information

"podcast" - from "iPod", from 2004, replacing the word "vlog" (video blog) 
- from "pod""cast" 
"pod" - from old English "cod" - peasecod
"cast" - 
also podcast refers to "broadcast" - which originally means spreading seeds

6. Etymology Part II
Friendly vs Amicable
Friendly - Germanic origin; Amicable - Latinate origin
Gathering - Germanic; Assembly - Latinate
Surreptitous - Latinate; Sneaky - Germanic
Deep - Germanic; profound - Latinate
Belly - Germanic; Abdomen - Latinate
Porcine Influenza - Latinate; Swine Flu - Germanic
Germanic words are usually more visual, simple, direct; while Latinate words more 'prodound", complicated, official

Example - here the contrast between germanic line and Latinate line somehow reflect the struggle between two choices - wash away the blood or make the sea red
also the Latinate line is less direct, less visual, makes it more thoughtful, abstract, intellectual, far away from actual action. On stage it will lead the audience from abstract language to the direct action of the actors - a process and contrast

7. Motifs

They establish themselves through repetition of something (a metaphor, image, word, idea). Through this repetition, the motif

Example - Self-reliance - Emerson

Beginning - fist verb "read" - actual action; second verb "hear" - change verb, also use its figurative meaning - following that, if these two steps work well, then we "speak" - a process of development of the motif

8. Pun

10. Pathetic Fallacy

11. Discourse and Narration

when a third person narrator from a limited perspective, there are several ways where it can indicate a character's thought: 1. Direct Discourse - person's thought are quoted directly; 2. Indirect discourse - without quotation - he thought that people who did this would be sorry in the end; 3. Free Indirect Discourse - no quotation, no attribution to a character - People who leave us will be sorry in the end. --> can greatly decrease the distance between the reader and the character in the book - when you suddenly feel so while reading, you can check if suddenly Free Indirect Discourse is used there